[In vitro studies of pancreatic enzyme substitution]. / In-vitro-Untersuchungen zur Pankreasenzymsubstitution.

In-vitro activity of 14 commercial pancreatin preparations, commonly used in the Federal Republic of Germany, were tested. All had been declared by their manufacturers to contain more than 6000 FIP (Fédération International Pharmaceutique) units of lipase and to be acid resistant. The declared lipase and amylase amounts were found to be present in 11 of the 14 preparations. Three of the 14 preparations, said to be acid resistant were found not to be so in buffer with falling pH values between 4.0 and 2.5, so that there occurred an, at times marked, loss of enzyme activity. Most noticeable was the poor solubility of most preparations at pH 6.6. Only three of the 14 liberated their total enzyme content within 60 minutes, as they should for theoretical reasons, based on the relatively short duodeno-cecal transit time.

[Lay processes in the health system]. / Laienprozesse im Gesundheitssystem.

Meaningful social action with reference to health and illness will not be understood without integration with subjective knowledge (Wissen) about the body. This knowledge and the experience (Erleben) of bodily changes is constituted intersubjectively (sensu A. Schütz). The taking of the body as one's own, what we call embodiment, develops only in social acts with others: on the other hand embodiment leads in intersubjective processes to meaningfully knitted social networks. The processes of contacting others influences the access to helpful resources of a community (Gemeinschaft). Giving and receiving help between lays and experts varies according to the degree of mediacy, versatility and temporal structure. Intersubjective processes of handling the problems of the body during the patient's biography (historia aegroti) redirect the further development of the illness (historia morbi).

[Instruments for intersubject processes: a research note]. / Instrumente für intersubjektive Prozesse: Eine Forschungsnotiz.

An important problem of social research is the formation of aggregates in data sets which usually tend to bias the represented original first level data. In the empirical analysis of meaning of social interaction face-to-face the essential conditions of data construction should be with the decisions of the observed actors (and not with the " fiat " of the researcher). Especially for the micro-analysis of intersubjective processes in large samples by the means of questionnaire the use of four-dimensional scales is proposed; their graphic representation and multivariate analysis is described. In this way patterns of communication processes become open to research by questionnaire.